Aluminum Wiring: What You Need To Know
Aluminum wiring was commonly used in homes built between the 1960s and 1970s, primarily due to the rising cost of copper at the time. It was a cost-effective alternative and functioned similarly to copper wiring when first installed. However, over time, it has been discovered that aluminum wiring presents significant safety risks that make it less reliable than modern wiring standards.
Why Was Aluminum Wiring Used?
During the mid-1960s, the price of copper rose sharply, leading builders to search for alternatives. Aluminum wiring became a popular option because it was cheaper and abundant. Initially, it seemed like a good solution for the electrical systems of the day. Aluminum is a good conductor of electricity and was seen as a valid substitute for copper wiring, which had been the standard.
The Dangers of Aluminum Wiring:
Corrosion and Oxidation
When aluminum wiring comes into contact with air, it oxidizes, forming a layer that hinders proper electrical conductivity. This leads to higher resistance and generates heat, which can be a fire hazard.
Softness and Brittleness
Aluminum is a softer metal, making it more prone to damage during installation. Over time, it can become brittle, leading to cracks and breaks in the wiring, which can result in unsafe electrical conditions.
Expansion and Contraction
Aluminum expands and contracts more than copper when exposed to electrical currents. This constant expansion and contraction can loosen connections at outlets, switches, and junction boxes, increasing the risk of overheating and fire.
Compatibility Issues
Aluminum wiring was often installed with connectors and devices (such as outlets and switches) designed for copper wiring. The combination of aluminum wire with copper-rated connectors can create poor connections, increasing the risk of overheating.
How to Make Aluminum Wiring Safe
If your home or building contains aluminum wiring, it doesn’t necessarily need to be completely replaced, but it does need to be properly inspected and repaired to ensure safety. Here are some options to address the risks associated with aluminum wiring:
- AlumiConn or COPALUM Connectors
These specialized connectors are designed to safely join aluminum wires to copper wiring. By using these connectors, the dangerous issues with expansion and oxidation are greatly reduced. This method is cost-effective and less invasive than a full rewiring of the building. - Pig-Tailing with Copper
Another common repair method is to connect aluminum wiring to short pieces of copper wire (called “pig-tailing”) at connections. This is typically done at outlets, switches, and circuit breakers, where the aluminum wire is connected to the copper via approved connectors. This method improves the conductivity and safety of the wiring system. - Complete Rewiring
In some cases, particularly if there is extensive damage or the wiring is very old, complete rewiring with copper may be recommended. While this is the most expensive option, it completely eliminates the risks associated with aluminum wiring. - Upgrading Electrical Components
Replacing outlets, switches, and other devices with those rated for use with aluminum wiring (marked CO/ALR) can provide some added protection against the dangers of poor connections. However, this alone may not address all the risks associated with aluminum wiring.
How JLP Electric Can Help
At JLP Electric, we specialize in inspecting and upgrading aluminum wiring to ensure it meets modern safety standards. Our team of licensed electricians in Victoria, BC, has the experience to identify and address aluminum wiring hazards, using the safest methods to protect your home or building. Whether you need an inspection, repairs, or a complete rewiring, we can help make your property safe.
